How does a bill become a law in Oklahoma?
Black's Law Dictionary defines legislative history as "the background and events leading to the enactment of a statute, including hearings, committee reports, and floor debates." So in order to understand and create a legislative history, one must understand the process by which laws, or statutes, are created.
How does a bill become a law (statute) in Oklahoma? All laws originate as bills. A legislator introduces a bill in the House Chamber or the Senate Chamber of the Oklahoma Legislature. A summary of the bill is read aloud to the chamber. The bill is then sent to a specific committee in the chamber for study and recommendations, and is then returned to the chamber for a vote to pass or a vote for further study by the committee. If the bill is passed by the chamber of origin, it is then sent to the other chamber. At this stage of its development, the bill is "engrossed".
An engrossed bill may be amended by the other chamber, and then it may go to a conference committee composed of members of both chambers. The conference committee may also make amendments to the bill. A bill may not receive any amendments. Whether passed in its original form or in its amended form, a bill that passes both chambers is called "enrolled". Enrolled bills go to the governor for signature. The bill becomes a law when the governor signs the bill.
The law is called a session law before it is placed into the statory code. Laws passed during a legislative session are published in the Oklahoma Session Laws, which are chronologically arranged. Session laws are then codified, placed into the statutory code, in a subject arrangement. The Oklahoma Statutes contain all the laws in force in the state of Oklahoma as of the time of publication.
Oklahoma Legislative Terms
Documents and records needed to create a legislative history
1. The original bill, as introduced.
2. The bill summary (a brief description of the bill's provisions)
3. Committee reports and conference committee reports.
4. Amended versions of the bill.
5. Enrolled version of the bill.
6. Hearings and debates associated with the bill.
7. Taskforce Reports (a legislative taskforce performs extensive research on a specific issue, and may issue a report).
8. Interim Study Reports (conducted by the standing committees of the House and approved by the Speaker of the House).
9. Senate or House Resolutions (officially records the opinion of the house of origin when passed only by that chamber).
10. Senate or House Concurrent Resolutions (officially records the joint opinion of both houses when passed by both and signed by the governor).
See www.okhouse.gov/Information/ResearchingLegislation.aspx
Bill Tracking
- Oklahoma Legislature - Basic Bill Search pageBasic Bill Search allows one to search bill from 1993 to the current year. A bill number is needed for this basic search.
- Oklahoma Legislature - Bill Tracking Reports pageThe Bill Tracking Reports page is the advanced search for Oklahoma legislation. Search options are listed on the left side of the page: Current Status, Subject - Senate, Subject - House, Citation, Author, Committee, or Personal Bill Tracking.
Guides and articles
- Oklahome Legislative Process - Bills Becoming LawA comprehensive and detailed description of the process of a bill becoming a law from the Okla. House of Representatives website, entitled "The Course of Bills in Becoming Law".
- Oklahoma Legislative Process - Researching TopicsA list of publication, websites, and resources for identifying and researching legislation in Oklahoma, entitled "Researching Legislation Topics in Oklahoma". This guide is available from the Oklahoma House of Representatives website.
- "Legislative History: A Guide for the State of Oklahoma" by Darla JacksonPublished in 2011, this useful guide explains the "limited availability of the substantive legislative history" in Oklahoma, describes the state legislative process, use of Oklahoma legislative histories, summarizes the primary sources of legislative history, and notes secondary sources.
Journals
Journals are the official record of legislative proceedings. Each house issues its own daily journal for each day of the session and a corrected, indexed and bound permanent journal after the close of the session.
The Oklahoma Senate Daily Journals and the Oklahoma House Journals are accessible via the Oklahoma Legislature's website.
Books
Guide to State Legislation, Legislative History, and Administrative Materials by
Call Number: KF 1 .G8 2008ISBN: 9780837716848Publication Date: 2008-06-01
Video Resources
Oklahoma Video Resource also document actions on the floor of the Senate and House as well as some Committee actions.