Primary Sources
A primary source is usually a record made at the time of an event by participants or by firsthand observers. Examples include:
- contemporary newspaper or magazine accounts
- government reports
- books that contain personal writings such as diaries
See the boxes below for resources to help you find different types of primary source material.
Also see the full primary source guide.
Books and More
- American West (1722-1939; Adam Matthew)Full text of manuscripts, maps, ephemeral material related to the American west.
- Indian Claims Insight1789-Present Indian Claims Insight allows researchers to understand and analyze Native American migration and forced resettlement throughout U.S. history, U.S. Government Indian removal policies, and subsequent actions to address Native American claims against the U.S. Government. This collection includes congressional publications, treaties, maps, and docket materials for all Indian Claims Commission cases, as well as cases that preceded and followed the existence of the commission.
- Local CatalogMany books and other materials, such as government documents, may be primary sources. Try using these keywords with your topic to search for them: correspondence, diaries, interviews, papers, personal narratives.
- Oklahoma Digital Prairie (1800s-present; State of Oklahoma)Documents, photographs, newspapers, reports, pamphlets, posters, maps and audio/visual content.
- Sanborn Maps (Oklahoma)Provides access to detailed maps of Oklahoma cities from late 1800s to the mid 1900s. View street names, street and sidewalk widths, property boundaries, building use and physical features, house and block numbers, pipelines, railroads, wells and dumps. Special features include the ability to manipulate the maps, magnify and zoom in on specific sections, and layer maps from different years. Dates vary by city.
- Worldcat (Firstsearch/OCLC)Books and other materials held by libraries around the world. You may borrow (interlibrary loan) materials through the Worldcat database. Interlibrary loan is free! But give yourself time for a book to come through the mail.
Newspapers and Magazines
- America's Historical Newspapers (1690-1922; Readex/Newsbank)Early American newspapers. (NOTE: library does not own all the series in this collection.)
- America's News (~1980s-present; Newsbank)Newspaper articles, news blogs, magazines, newswires, journals, transcripts, videos, and web-only news sources. Includes the Oklahoman from 1981 onward and the Oklahoman Web Edition from 2013 onward.
- American Indian Newspapers (1828-2016)Includes several Oklahoma newspapers.
- American Periodicals Series (1740-1940s; Proquest)Magazines and journals that began publishing between 1740 and 1940.
- Gateway to Oklahoma History (1850s-1920s+; Oklahoma Historical Society)Online repository of Oklahoma history. Originally covered newspapers up to the 1920s but later years are increasingly being added. Includes African American newspapers.
- Historical US Newspapers (ProQuest)Includes these U.S. papers:
-Chicago Tribune, 1849-present;
-Los Angeles Times, 1881-present;
-New York Times, 1851-present;
-Wall Street Journal, 1889-present;
-Washington Post, 1877-2007, 2008-present.
(The UK's Guardian and Observer, 1791-2003, is also included in this search as are papers from the Historically Black Newspapers collection.) - Newspaper Source Plus (~1980s-present; Ebsco)More than 500 U.S. newspapers and 600 international newspapers, as well as newswires, and radio and television transcripts.
- Nexis Uni (~1970s-present; LexisNexis)News, business, and legal sources. Html text only. No images. NOTE: OU Libraries will cease subscribing to Nexis Uni, effective July 1, 2024. More information about this decision, as well as a list of databases covering the content in Nexis Uni, is available.
- Oklahoman Archive (1901-present; Newsbank)A Pioneer Library System (Norman) database. Sign up for a library card if you don't have one. The Oklahoman, formerly The Daily Oklahoman. Full text of images to 1991. Text only 1992-2019. NOTE: Scroll down and click on Oklahoman Archive - Newsbank. Click link for additional login options, type Pioneer for library name, and then enter your library card number. This database may not work on the OU campus.
- Oklahoman Archives (The Oklahoman, formerly The Daily Oklahoman, 1901-March 3, 2022)—Update: as of 2-5-2024, the database is still available. Due to the large size of the archive, searches may need to be limited with a date range in order to return results.
Because Gannett found this database unprofitable, beginning February 3rd, 2022, the full Oklahoman Archives will no longer be available. Access to 1981-present. For other ways to access online content see this blog post. - Oklahoman Collection (1901-present; Newsbank)A Metropolitan Library (OKC public) database. Sign up for a library card if you don't have one. The Oklahoman, formerly The Daily Oklahoman. Full text of images to 1991. Text only 1992-2019.
- Oklahoma Newspapers ListScroll all the way to the bottom of this page for a list of digitized newspapers from various sources such as libraries and Google. Dates vary.
- Tulsa World (and title variants)1906-2018 on microfilm. 4th floor East, outside former Government Documents Department. Online: 1989-present.
Government Publications (Federal, State, Local)
- City of Oklahoma City RecordsAvailable for research by appointment only!
- Congressional (Proquest)Includes hearings (1824-present); CRS Reports (1916-present); House and Senate Documents/Reports (Serial Set; 1817-present); legislative histories (1969-present); bills and laws (1776-present); miscellaneous publications including GAO, CBO, the American State Papers, the House and Senate Journals (1789-present); vote reports (1987-present); maps (1789-2007); Congressional Record (1789-present); executive branch (1789-1932); and presidential materials such as executive orders (1789-present). Many of these are full text.
- Nexis UniProvides access to news, business and legal information. Legal information includes State and Federal case, law reviews and more.
Additional Information
- In depth guide to finding primary sources at OU.
- In depth guide to finding secondary sources at OU.
- Western History Collections
- Interlibrary Loan
- Government Documents Department
- Learning to do Historical Research: A Primer for Environmental Historians and Others (From William Cronon at Wisconsin.)